This site provides information on methods and sources available to reduce, refine or replace animals used in teaching, testing, and research. A fundamental goal of the Animal Welfare Act and the accompanying regulations is the minimization of animal pain and distress via the consideration of alternatives and alternative methods.
Alternatives
Spotlights
Principles of Humane Experimental Technique
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing.
In 1959 Russell and Burch classified humane techniques as replacement, reduction, and refinement--now commonly known as the 3Rs.
AltTox.org
Humane Society of the United States and Proctor & Gamble.
The goal of this web site is to advance non-animal methods of toxicity testing through online discussion and information exchange.
CCAC Three Rs Microsite
Canadian Council on Animal Care.
This site provides useful information on the three Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives) to those involved with the use of animals in science.
Alternatives to Animal Testing (Altweb)
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing.
A gateway to alternatives news, information, and resources on the internet and beyond.
Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education
US Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
This 1986 report analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education.
